The large holes are the boring Gastrochaenolites,
produced by lithophagid bivalves, and the small holes are Entobia,
formed by boring sponges. These specimens are from the inside
of a Holocene marine cave carved in a limestone exposed in the
southwestern Dominican Republic. It is typical of tropical marine
bioerosion in the Cenozoic. (See a diagram
of Gastrochaenolites, or return to the Geological
History of Bioerosion page.)
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