Invertebrate Paleontology
(Geology 250)

Sample Test

(Yours will be different!)

LECTURE EXAMINATION #2
Invertebrate Paleontology
November 9, 2006

1. Please describe two evolutionary trends in the Phylum Bryozoa. As always, small, labeled diagrams are very helpful. [10 points]

2. Please briefly describe the functions of these bryozoan zooid types -- [8 points total]
vibraculum kenozooid gonozooid avicularium

3. Identify, define and/or describe any three of the following terms. Be sure to include organisms, functions, dates, examples and diagrams where appropriate. [15 points total]
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glabella

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trilobite eye

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instar

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cardinal process

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Rostroconchia

4. Those odd little rod-like extensions from underneath the opercula of hyolithids are called helens. Why were they given such an odd name by a paleontologist? [5 points]

5. Using simple diagrams, show me two ways in which the straight nautiloids solved their “poise problem” (i.e., how they kept their bodies horizontal). [6 points]

6. We know that ammonoids increased their external ornamentation with evolutionary time in the later Mesozoic. Why do you think their evolution moved in this direction? [4 points]

7. What are the advantages of torsion to the gastropods? (These questions are so predictable.) [8 points]

8. What are the three “life stages” in the ontogeny of trilobites? How do we tell them apart? [9 points]

9. Please identify, with labels and arrows, as many parts on this bivalve as you can. (The diagrams “a” and “b” are of the same individual.) [10 points] Bonus: To what bivalve group does it belong?

10. What is a toxoglossate radula? Please give an example of an organism which has one, including how it is used. [9 points]

11. Please tell me about either the polyplacophorans or the scaphopods. Describe their morphology and life habits. Be sure to tell me which group you have chosen. [8 points]

12. Which bivalves are labial palp deposit feeders? What does this life mode mean? In other words, please describe how labial palp deposit feeders collect their food and respire at the same time. [8 points]

BONUS: Identify (give the most specific name, including the taxonomic rank) the fossils decorating this exam. Place the name beside the diagram. One bonus point will be awarded for each properly spelled, correct name.