¥ There are two aspects to what you will learn in this class: factual knowledge (details of time, place, names, parties, developments, etc.) and critical thinking about European history in this period. The examinations will ask you to show both.
¥ The textbook by Felix Gilbert and David Large is a starting point, a guide, and a reference. Read it carefully, but don't get bogged down in the amount of detail&emdash;generally, these are illustrations. Always ask yourself, what's the big picture? If you can grasp the big picture&emdash;the crisis of European liberalism, the changes of industrial society, or the new forces in politics at the turn of the twentieth century, to give three examples from early on in the class&emdash;you will have an easier time remembering the details.
¥ Do all the reading and do it carefully. Don't fall behind. Don't try to take shortcuts. Difficult articles, poems, and selections will require a second reading. Read with your television off and your brain on. Read a full section, chapter, or article in one sitting.
¥ Read with a pen or pencil in your hand. Take notes on the reading that will help you to prepare for class discussion and the examinations. Note that for the essay section of the exams I will let you bring your notes; for the essay section of the final exam I will let you bring your books as well.
¥ Bring your brain to class and keep it engaged. Have a cup of coffee after lunch if you're prone to afternoon dozing. Take notes on lectures and discussions. Ask questions when you don't understand something. Raise your hand and offer your insights when you make an interesting connection. Listen to what your classmates have to say. This will be on the exam, too.
¥ Begin your papers early. Read my "Writing Short History Essays" carefully. Have an idea of what you want to say before you start writing. Write with an argument and an organizing principle. Discuss your ideas and your drafts with the professor and the teaching apprentice.
¥ Leave sufficient time to study for examinations. You will need time to skim through the textbook as well as your notes. Study in groups. Read the study guides carefully.
¥ Take advantage of your resources: the professor, the teaching assistant, the writing center. Ask for help when you need it.