First Year Seminar - Playing With Fire
Dr. Marilyn Loveless
Information Resources Compiled by Donna Jacobs
Developing Your Search Strategy | Library Catalogs | Organization of Library Materials
Newspaper Indexes | Finding Citations to Articles in Periodicals | Understanding Citations
Do We Have That Journal? | Borrowing Materials from Other Libraries
Web Resources | Evaluating Information | Ethical Use of Information
An important factor in your academic and professional success will be how well you develop the ability to determine when you need information, and to locate, evaluate, and use it effectively. One goal of this research assignment is to help you begin to strengthen your information literacy skills. This web page and the in-class library instruction session will:
- provide suggestions for developing a search strategy;
- suggest specific reference sources and general browsing strategies to use as a starting point;
- introduce you to techniques for using important tools such as library catalogs, research databases and the World Wide Web;
- show you how to locate the books, periodicals, and other references you retrieve in your search of catalogs and databases;
- give you advice on how to evaluate the quality of the information you gather;
- discuss the importance of the ethical use of information.
Remember—The primary goal of the library staff is to help you to develop the skills needed to locate, evaluate, and use information effectively. If you have questions, ask for assistance at one of the staffed service points in the library or contact a librarian by telephone or e-mail.
Selecting Your Search Topic
Before you can begin searching for information, it is important to define your research topic. Take the time to write down a sentence or two in which you state your topic as specifically as possible, including the aspects of the topic that you wish to investigate. Remember, this is just the starting point. You will continue to refine your topic as you locate relevant information.
For example, if your research paper deals with fire management in the National Parks:
| What are the historical and current policies and techniques governing the control of fires in the America national parks and forests? What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of the different policies and techniques? |
Finding Background Information
Before researching a topic in depth, it is useful to read some background information of the kind found in encyclopedias and dictionaries. These sources are helpful in placing the topic in a broader context and providing related subjects and terms to use as keywords as you continue your search.
The following sources may provide useful background information for your research on topics related to fire management in the national parks.
| Title | Location/Call Number |
| Parks Directory of the United States | Reference E160 .S65 2001 |
| Atlas of the Environment | Reference G1046 .G3L4 1994 |
| National Geographic Atlas of Natural America | Reference G1105 .N4 2000 |
| Environmental Encyclopedia | Science Ref GE10 .E38 2003 v.1-2 |
| Encyclopedia of Global Change: Environmental
Change and Human Society |
Science Ref GE149 .E47 2002 v.1-2 |
| Encyclopedia of World Environmental History | Reference GF10 .E63 2004 v.1-3 |
| Our Earth's Changing Land: An Encyclopedia of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change | Science Ref GF90.087 2006 v.1-2 |
| Encyclopedia of Environment and Society | Reference HM856 .E53 2007 v.1-5 |
| McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology | Science Ref Q121 .M3 2002 v.1-20 |
| Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology | Science Ref Q123 .E497 2002 v.1-18 |
| Global Warming in the 21st Century | Science Ref QC981.8 .G56J6432 2006 v.1-3 |
| Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology | Science Ref QH540.4 .E52 1995 v.1-3 |
| Encyclopedia of Environmental Studies | Science Ref TD9 .A84 2001 |
Access
Science: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and
Technology Online Encyclopedia
Britannica Online Wikipedia |
In addition to the sources listed above, the following reference sources may provide information relevant to your research on other topics related to fire.
| Title | Location/Call Number |
| Guidebook for the Study of Psychical Research | Ref BF1031 .A8 1973 |
| Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology | Ref BF1407 .E52 1991 v.1-2 |
| Oxford Companion to World Mythology | Ref BL312 .L44 2005 |
| Legends of Earth, Sea, and Sky: An Encyclopedia of Nature Myths | Ref BL435 .A53 1998 |
| Oxford Dictionary of Classical Myth and Religion | Ref BL715 .O94 2003 |
| Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization | Ref DE5 .C28 2008 |
| A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome | Ref DG68 .R5 1992 |
| Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture | Ref DS705 .P47 1999 |
| Dictionary of Chinese Symbols | Ref DS721 .E32613 1986 |
| Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes | Ref E77 .G15 1998 v.1-4 |
| Greenwood Guide to American Popular Culture | Ref E169.1 .G7555 v.1-4 |
| St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture | Ref E169.1 .S764 2000 v.1-5 |
| Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory | Ref GN281 .E53 2000 |
| Countries and Their Cultures | Ref GN307 .C68 2001 v.1-4 |
| Encyclopedia of World Cultures | Ref GN550 .E53 1991 v.1-10 |
| Medieval Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Customs | Ref GR35 .M43 2000 v.1-2 |
| Encyclopedia of Things That Never Were | Ref GR35 .P33 1998 |
| Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport | Ref GV567 .B48 2005 v.1-4 |
| Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present | Ref GV567 .E56 1996 v.1-3 |
| Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement | Ref GV721.5 .B83 2006 |
| Van Nostrand’s Scientific Encyclopedia | Ref Q121 .V3 2008 v.1-3 |
| Macmillan Encyclopedia of Chemistry | Ref QD4 .M33 1997 v.1-4 |
Possible Keywords
As you consult various reference sources, you will find keywords and concepts that are relevant to your topic. It is a good idea to keep a list of keywords to search in other reference sources, library catalogs and databases. Remember, you will probably continue to refine your search topic as you locate more information. You will add new terms and delete other terms as you continue your research.
Some of the following concepts and keywords might be helpful as you search for information about fire management in the national parks.
| Fire | Locations | Policies/ Techniques | Causes/ Contributing Factors |
Fire Fires Wildfire Wild fire Burn Burning Fire ecology |
National parks National forests Forest Wildland Yellowstone Yosemite |
Prevention Control Management Suppression Prescribed burn Controlled burn Fuel removal Restoration Salvage logging |
Lightning Arson Human Wind Insect infestation Invasive species Exotic species Climate change Global warming Drought |
Developing Your Search Strategy
Once you have consulted reference sources for background information and developed a list of concepts and keywords, you are ready to search some of the tools that will provide access to books, magazine and journal articles and other documents relevant to your topic. Because most of these tools are available electronically, it is tempting to type a few words into a database without thinking about how the terms are related to each other. You can save time and improve your retrieval by taking a few minutes to develop a search strategy that combines terms logically and takes advantage of the search features provided in the database your are using. Search Strategies and Techniques provides tips and techniques for designing and implementing search strategies.
Library Catalogs
Library catalogs contain listings of the materials owned by (or accessible from) their respective libraries. Materials listed in library catalogs include books, government publications, electronic resources, scores and recordings, media, and periodical titles (but not the articles contained in the periodical). Library catalogs also provide information about locations of materials and current availability.
The CONSORT catalog includes the merged catalogs of The College of Wooster, Denison University, Kenyon College, and Ohio Wesleyan University. You can search the merged catalog or the individual catalog of one of the CONSORT colleges and access the OhioLINK catalog.
OhioLINK is a consortium of more than 80 Ohio academic libraries, including The Ohio State University, Kent State University, Cleveland State University, and Case Western Reserve University. The OhioLINK Central catalog is the database of all books and other materials owned by all the OhioLINK member libraries.
See Searching Library Catalogs for a brief summary of the contents and search capabilities of the CONSORT and OhioLINK catalogs.
Organization of Library Materials
As you locate relevant reference sources and books by using the library catalog, you may find that books shelved nearby also contain useful information. That is because most of the materials in the library are arranged by subject according to the Library of Congress Classification System. See Organization of Library Materials in the Guide to Library Research in Science for more information about library classification systems, reading call numbers and physical locations of materials in the College of Wooster libraries. Some of the call number ranges that contain materials that may be relevant to our sample topic are listed below.
Library of Congress Classification
| Classification | Content |
| E 160 |
History:America National and state parks and reservations |
| GE 300 - 350 |
Environmental Sciences Environmental management |
| Q | Science |
| QH 540-549 545 .F5 |
Natural History. Biology (General) Ecology Fire. Fire ecology |
| S | Agriculture |
| SB 481 - 486 486 .F56 |
Plant Culture Parks and public reservations Fire management |
| SD 411 - 428 420.5 561 - 669.5 |
Forestry Conservation and protection Forest fires and wildfires Administration. Policy |
Superintendent of Documents Classification
United States Government Publications are cataloged by issuing agency, using the Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs) Classification System. Each item is assigned a call number and arranged on the shelves with other items published by the same department or agency, regardless of subject. For this reason, browsing in government publications is very inefficient. See the Superintendent of Documents Classification System section of Organization of Library Materials for more information about reading SuDocs call numbers and locating government publications in Wooster’s libraries.
Newspaper Indexes
Newspaper indexes provide access to articles in newspapers, and are especially useful for finding information on current events. The College of Wooster Libraries subscribe to several print newspaper indexes, which are located in the Reference section of Gault Library. In addition, online access to many newspaper indexes and full text access to newspaper articles is available through the Databases by Title page. Current issues of print newspapers are shelved on Level 2 of Andrews Library. Back issues are stored on microfilm or microfiche. For a more detailed list of research links related to news, see the News Sources page.
Selected Newspaper Indexes
| Alternative
Press Index [FirstSearch] (1991-present) Alternative Press Index Archive (1969-1990) Indexes alternative, radical and left-wing journals, newspapers and magazines, covering topics on cultural, economic, political and social change. America’s
Newspapers [Newsbank] Google
News Archive Search LexisNexis
Academic [LexisNexis] Newspaper
Source [EBSCOhost] |
Finding Citations to Articles in Periodicals
To gain access to information in periodicals, you will need to become familiar with periodical indexes and abstracts. By looking up your topic in a relevant periodical index, you can determine what articles have been written and find complete bibliographic citations to those articles. In addition to the bibliographic citation, abstracts provide a brief summary of the article cited. Most periodical indexes are available as electronic databases. A complete list of the databases available at the College can be found on the Databases by Title page. The following are a few databases that will be helpful for your assignment.
Selected Periodical Indexes
| Academic
Search Complete [EBSCOhost] Academic Search Complete is a scholarly, multi-disciplinary full-text database with more than 5,300 full-text periodicals, including 4,400 peer-reviewed journals. In addition to full text, this database offers indexing and abstracts for more than 9,300 journals and a total of 10,900 publications, including monographs, reports, conference proceedings, etc. The database features PDF content going back as far as 1865, with the majority of full text titles in native (searchable) PDF format. Searchable cited references are provided for 1,000 journals. Academic Search Complete is updated daily. AGRICOLA [EBSCOhost] Environment
Complete [EBSCOhost] |
In addition to the databases listed above, the following periodical databases may provide information relevant to your research on other topics related to fire.
|
America: History and Life [EBSCOhost] Anthropology Plus [FirstSearch] Art Abstracts [OhioLINK]
BIOSIS Previews [OhioLINK] Computers and Applied Sciences Complete [EBSCOhost] GeoRef [OhioLINK] Historical Abstracts [EBSCOhost] Humanities International Complete [EBSCOhost] Physical Education Index [CSA] Religion and Philosophy Collection [EBSCOhost] SocINDEX [EBSCOhost] Sociological Collection [EBSCOhost] SPORTDiscus [EBSCOhost] Urban Studies Abstracts [EBSCOhost] |
Finding Book and Film Reviews
Subject
Guide: Reviews Academic
Search Complete [EBSCOhost] |
Understanding Citations
Print and electronic bibliographic databases or bibliographies from books or periodical articles will provide references to many types of literature on your topic. It is sometimes difficult to tell whether a citation refers you to a book, a book chapter, a periodical article, or some other type of document. See the Understanding Citations lesson of the Guide to Library Research in Science for guidance with regard to deciphering citations found in bibliographies and databases.
Do We Have That Journal?
After you have retrieved citations to relevant articles from print and electronic databases, you will need to determine whether the journals are available at Wooster and how to access them. The College of Wooster libraries provide access to more than 35,000 electronic journals, in addition to our print and microform journal collections, through our databases, subscriptions, and aggregated collections from OhioLINK EJC, EBSCOhost, and JSTOR among others. You can use the search engine on the Wooster eJournals and Journals page to:
- search for an individual title or ISSN;
- browse an alphabetical listing of available titles;
- browse by subject category.
Note: A number of the EBSCOhost databases provide links to articles from Scientific American in html format without images. To view Scientific American articles in pdf format, select the Scientific American Archive Online link from the eJournals and Journals page.
Borrowing Materials from Other Libraries
One of the advantages of membership in the CONSORT and OhioLINK consortia is that College of Wooster students have access to the resources of many academic libraries, large and small, in the state of Ohio. If the materials you need cannot be found in Ohio, we can usually retrieve them from outside the state. To learn how to borrow materials from other libraries, see Interlibrary Loan. See also Borrowing from Other Libraries at the Timken Science Library web site.
Web Resources
Throughout this Web page we have used the Internet to access a wide variety of databases and reference sources. For the most part, these electronic resources have been evaluated and selected by librarians for addition to our collection in the same way that print materials are selected. It is important to note that The College of Wooster library purchases access to these products, just as it purchases the books on the shelves.
In addition to these carefully selected electronic resources, there is an almost unlimited quantity of information available on the World Wide Web. Some of the Web sources are excellent — authoritative, accurate, reliable, objective and current. Other Web sources are less useful, for one or more reasons. See Searching the World Wide Web for detailed information about web directories and search engines and hints for evaluating information found on the Web.
You may want to use the following Web resources to find information on your topic.
|
Google
Scholar Living
on Earth The Nature Conservancy, Global Fire Initiative NOAA: Economics and Social Benefits of NOAA Ecosystem Data Products: Wild and Forest Fire Hansen, Liane, and Laura Krantz."Remembering the 1988 Yellowstone Fires" National Public Radio, Weekend Edition Sunday. August 31, 2008 |
Evaluating Information
Critical evaluation of information is an essential part of the research process. Whether the source of your information is a print reference or a web site, it is important to evaluate the information for accuracy, authority, timeliness, coverage, and objectivity. Although print publications are usually subjected to pre-publication evaluation by editors, publishers, and peer reviewers, they still may contain inaccuracies and may reflect the bias of individuals responsible for their creation. Likewise, documents appearing on many web sites also undergo rigorous evaluation before they are launched. However, the openness of the web environment makes it possible for almost anyone to publish information without the quality control that is part of print environment. Therefore, it is important to think about the reliability of the information you retrieve, no matter what the format. See Evaluating Information for help in assessing the reliability of information from both print and web resources.
Ethical Use of Information
Research is usually a cumulative process in which today’s researcher builds upon the work of those who have come before. While all scholars hope that their work will provide a useful foundation for the research of others, it is important to remember that when you use the ideas of others, you must credit your sources.
The College’s understanding and expectations in regard to issues of academic honesty are fully articulated in the Code of Academic Integrity as published in The Scot’s Key and form an essential part of the implicit contract between the student and the College. The Code provides a framework at Wooster to help students develop their own personal integrity.
While you are a student at this college, you will be treated as an adult. You are expected to know and abide by the rules of the institution as described in The Scot’s Key and The Handbook of Selected College Policies. Particular attention should be directed to the appropriate use of materials available on-line through the Internet. It is important that you read and understand the Ethical Use of Information tutorial found on the libraries’ web site. Whether intentional or not, improper use of materials can be considered a violation of academic honesty.
A few of the resources that will provide assistance in all stages of a writing assignment are listed below.
| Title | Location/Call Number |
| The Columbia Guide to Online Style | Science Ref PN171 .F56 W35 2006 c.2 |
| MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers | Ready Ref LB2369 .G53 2003 |
| A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations (Turabian) | Ready Ref LB2369 .T8 1996 |
| A Writer’s Reference (Hacker) | Ready
Ref PE1408 .H2778 2007 Science Ref PE1408 .H2778 2007 |
| College of Wooster Libraries Writers’ Guide |
Don’t Forget: The information presented in your in-class library instruction session and in this web page are intended as an introduction to library research. As you begin to gather and evaluate information for your research paper, you will probably have questions about research methods or resources that have not been covered in class or in this web page. If you have any questions, ask a librarian for help.
