PSCI 227: THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

 

 

Fall 2007: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 1:00-2:20 in Scovel 004

 

Professor Matthew Krain

Office: Kauke 104; x2469

mkrain@wooster.edu

 

Office Hours: TBA, and by appointment

 

 

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The overarching goal of this course is to prepare students to do research in international relations by providing them with a theoretical background in the field. Therefore, this course provides an overview of an array of theories of international relations, from the major debate of (neo)realism vs. (neo)liberalism to the more recent challenge to rationalist explanations by constructivism, to more "radical" challengers such as (neo)marxism and feminist IR theory. We will also examine contending theoretical approaches to some key issues in IR. Through in-depth discussion and a series of papers and exams, students will explore, compare and debate the merits of theories to develop a solid grasp of the different theoretical perspectives and to establish their own theoretical preferences.

 

READINGS

Throughout the course we will use the following books:

 

*      [VK] Paul R. Viotti and Mark V. Kauppi (1999). International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism, Globalism, and Beyond. 3rd Edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. [ISBN: 0-205-29253-4]

 

*      [MS] Karen Mingst and Jack Snyder (2004). Essential Readings in World Politics. Second Edition New York: W. W. Norton & Co. [ISBN: 0-393-92406-8]

 

*      American Political Science Association (2006). The Style Manual for Political Science. Washington, DC: American Political Science Association. (Available on E-RESERVE)

 

Supplementary readings will be available on-line via our class web page (http://www.wooster.edu/polisci/mkrain/tir07.html) or will placed on electronic reserve through the library (http://eres.library.denison.edu/coursepage.asp?cid=656, password = "theories").

 

Finally, as with any international relations class, you are expected to keep up with news around the world. This will require you to get your news from two or more of the following sources:

 

*      major national or international newspapers such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Christian Science Monitor, The Financial Times, or The Wall Street Journal

*      major news websites with reputable global coverage such as the above papers' sites, MSNBC-Online, or CNN-Online. I have put together a web site with a large number of national and international on-line news sources: http://www.wooster.edu/polisci/mkrain/news.html

*      major news magazines such as The Economist, Time, Newsweek, or US News & World Report

*      major public news outlets with comprehensive news coverage such as NPR's National Public Radio News (89.3 or 89.7 on the radio) or PBS's The News Hour with Jim Lehrer.

 

All readings MUST be completed by the class session for which they are assigned. They will be necessary background for lectures and discussion, and you will be held responsible for them, in class and on exams.

 

EXAMS

This class will have two examinations, each in-class exams, each worth 20% of the final class grade. The September 27th midterm will be during our normal class time that day. The final exam will be from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. on December 11th. CHEATING, PLAGIARISM OR ANY OTHER TYPE OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY WILL NOT BE TOLERATED, AND WILL RESULT IN AUTOMATIC FAILURE FOR THE COURSE!

 

PAPERS

This class will have two papers. The first is an article/book review, due at the beginning of class on October 18th. Students will present their articles on either October 18th or October 25th. Each student will choose an article or book from a list distributed by the instructor. They must then complete a concise, clear, critical review of no more than 750 words. We will discuss the articles reviewed in class on the due date. This paper is worth 10% of your overall class grade.

 

You will also be responsible for a larger (13-18 pages) "literature review/theory" paper, due at the beginning of class on November 20th. This paper provides students with an opportunity to more closely explore one particular theoretical question of interest, and the way in which authors from different theoretical perspectives have approached that question. Students will choose their topic in consultation with the instructor. Papers should address the nature of the problem/puzzle, discuss and evaluate the theoretical arguments involved, and develop a testable hypothesis of one's own. Possible topics will be discussed in class. All papers must be formatted using the APSA Style Manual. Further details will be distributed and/or discussed by the instructor in class. This paper is worth 25% of your overall class grade. REMINDER: CHEATING OR ANY OTHER TYPE OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY WILL NOT BE TOLERATED, AND WILL RESULT IN AUTOMATIC FAILURE FOR THE COURSE!

 

PARTICIPATION

Participation is encouraged and REQUIRED in this class. Your participation is essential to the smooth and efficient running of the class. The intention is to run the class as an advanced seminar, where students will engage in an open dialogue based on the readings assigned for that day. Thus, students are required to have completed the assigned readings before class and to participate in discussions on a regular basis. Failure to be properly prepared or a lack of quality and fully engaged discussion will result in a significant reduction in the class grade (and overall class quality). My hope is that the classroom will contain an atmosphere in which ideas and opinions will be welcomed and addressed. As such, please note that you will be graded on a number of criteria beyond simple participation, under the rubric of "professionalism".

 

As part of your participation, you will be required to submit by email at least ONE discussion question per week regarding the readings to be discussed that week. You may focus your discussion question(s) on readings from either the first or second class sessions of that week, but must submit questions for at least ONE CLASS SESSION PER WEEK over the course of the semester. Questions are to be emailed to the instructor and to the class as a whole. More details about this element of your class participation will be discussed by the instructor in class.

 

GRADING

The grades will be assigned as follows:         

           


20% - Exam #1 (Midterm)                             

20% - Exam #2 (Final)

10% - Paper #1 (Article Review)

25% - Paper #2 (Literature Review/Theory Paper)

25% - Participation & Professionalism

 

NOTE: Professionalism refers to factors such as attendance, promptness, courtesy, overall improvement, and other intangibles, to be evaluated and assigned at the discretion of the instructor.


 

NOTES

Note #1: Assignments are due at the beginning of class on the due date. Any missed assignment or unexcused exam absence is subject to an automatic failing grade for the course (in other words, you cannot pass the class unless you do all of the work!). Late written assignments will be graded down one full letter grade for each day late. A paper handed in five minutes after the deadline is considered a day late. If you anticipate missing an exam or a paper deadline, consult with the instructor as soon as possible.

 

Note #2: Students are encouraged to study together and assist one another in learning the material. It is assumed that you have done your own work. In short, DON'T CHEAT AND DON'T PLAGIARIZE (see for instance http://www.wooster.edu/library/plagiarism). Students are reminded that they are obliged to understand, to uphold, and to comply with the Code of Academic Integrity at the College of Wooster. If you have doubts about whether something violates academic integrity, check the Code of Academic Integrity, located in the Scot's Key (http://www.wooster.edu/policies) or at http://www.wooster.edu/policies/coai.pdf. Students who do not understand the Code after having read it should make an appointment to see me to discuss it; indeed, I welcome this discussion and encourage students to see me in advance of any assignment about which they have doubts or questions. PLEASE NOTE THAT ANY VIOLATION OF THE CODE OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY MEANS THE STUDENT'S IMMEDIATE FAILURE IN THE COURSE, AS WELL AS POSSIBLE SUBSEQUENT ACADEMIC DISCIPLINARY ACTION.

 

Note #3: Students are encouraged to discuss assignments with me during office hours. However, students seeking to change their grade on an assignment or essay portion of an exam should be advised that I reserve the right to alter your grade in either direction (i.e.- if new problems are found during the re-grade the grade would go down).

 

Note #4: It is your responsibility to inform me ahead of time about factors that are likely to interfere with your performance in the class. Measures for students with disabilities, non-native writers of English and other special issues will be taken in compliance with the college's policies.

 

 

SCHEDULE of TOPICS AND READINGS

 

 

I. Introduction to the Study of Theories of International Relations

 

Aug. 28 – Introduction to Theories of International Relations

*       Chapter 1 [VK: 1-28]

*       Stephen Walt, "International Relations: One World, Many Theories" [MS: 4-11]

*       Kenneth Waltz (2003). "Theory and International Politics – Being a Political Theorist" 2nd page of interview with Harry Kreisler, Conversations with History, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley. February 10, 2003.  http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people3/Waltz/waltz-con2.html

 

* * * Aug. 30th = No Class: Dr. Krain at APSA Annual meeting * * *

 

Sept. 4 – Theories, Images, Hypotheses, and International Relations

*       James Rosenau, "Thinking Theory Thoroughly" [VK: 29-38]

*       John Lewis Gaddis, "History, Theory, and Common Ground" [MS: 11-18]

*       Kenneth Waltz (1979). "Laws and Theories," Chapter 1 in Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill (1-17). (E-RESERVE – 3 parts)

*       Stephen Van Evera (1997). Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Chapter 1. (E-RESERVE – 4 parts)

 

Sept. 6 – Levels of Analysis

*       Kenneth Waltz, "Explaining War" [VK: 130-145]

*       Kenneth Waltz (2003). "Theory and International Politics – A Theory of International Politics" 3rd page of interview with Harry Kreisler, Conversations with History, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley. February 10, 2003. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people3/Waltz/waltz-con3.html

*       Robert Putnam (1988). "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games," International Organization 42, 3: 427-460. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8183%28198822%2942%3A3%3C427%3ADADPTL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K

 


II. Conventional Theoretical Approaches: Realism vs. Liberalism

 

Sept. 11 – The Theoretical Roots of Classical Realism

*       Chapter 2 [VK: 55-88]

*       Thucydides, "The Melian Dialogue" [VK: 100-105]

*       Niccolo Machiavelli, "On Princes and the Security of Their States" [VK: 105-108]

*       Thomas Hobbes, "Of the Natural Condition of Mankind" [VK: 108-111]

*       Carl von Clausewitz, "War as an Instrument of Policy" [MS: 297-300].

*       Hans Morgenthau, "A Realist Theory of International Relations," and "Political Power" [MS: 49-53]

*       Hans Morgenthau, "The Balance of Power," "Different Methods of the Balance of Power," and "Evaluation of the Balance of Power" [MS: 124-129]

 

Sept. 13 – Classical Realism During and After the Cold War

*       George F. Kennan, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" [MS: 28-33]

*       Thomas C. Schelling, "The Diplomacy of Violence" [MS: 301-309]

*       Robert Jervis, "Cooperation under the Security Dilemma" [MS: 309-322]

*       John Mearsheimer, "Anarchy and the Struggle for Power" [MS: 54-72]

 

Sept. 18 – Neorealism: Structural Realism and Hegemonic Realism

*       Robert Gilpin, "War and Change in World Politics" [VK: 145-153]

*       Robert O. Keohane, "Theory of World Politics: Structural Realism and Beyond" [VK: 153-183]

*       Paul Huth, Christopher Gelpi and D. Scott Bennett (1993). "The Escalation of Great Power Militarized Disputes: Testing Rational Deterrence Theory and Structural Realism." American Political Science Review  87, 3: 609-623. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0554%28199309%2987%3A3%3C609%3ATEOGPM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A

 

Sept. 20 – Idealism / Liberalism

*       Chapter 3 [VK: 199-205, 219-225]

*       Immanuel Kant, "To Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch" [MS: 20-24]

*       Woodrow Wilson, "The Fourteen Points" [MS: 26-28]

*       Michael Doyle, "Liberalism and World Politics" [MS: 73-86]

*       Andrew Moravcsik, "Taking Preferences Seriously" [VK: 246-256]

 

Sept. 25 – Neoliberalism: Complex Interdependence and Multilateralism

*       Chapter 3 [VK: 210-219]

*       Robert O. Keohane & Joseph Nye Jr., "Realism and Complex Interdependence" [VK: 307-319]

*       John Ruggie, "Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution" [VK: 331-340]

*       Anne-Marie Slaughter, "The Real New World Order" [MS: 149-156]

*       G. John Ikenberry, "Is American Multilateralism in Decline?" [MS: 262-282]

 

Sept. 27 – MIDTERM EXAM

 


III. Some Theoretical Alternatives to (Neo)Realism and (Neo)Liberalism

 

Oct. 2– "The English School" of IR Theory: Law and Order in International Relations

*       Hugo Grotius, "War, Peace, and the Law of Nations" [VK: 410-15]

*       Hedley Bull, "Does Order Exist in World Politics?" [VK: 127-30]

*       Dale Copeland (2003). "A Realist Critique of the English School," Review of International Studies 29, 3: 427-441. http://journals.ohiolink.edu/ejc/article.cgi?issn=02602105&issue=v29i0003&article=427_arcotes

 

Oct. 4 – Constructivism

*       Alexander Wendt, "Anarchy is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics" [VK: 434-59]

*       Margaret E. Keck & Kathryn Sikkink, "Transnational Advocacy Networks in International Politics" & "Human Rights Advocacy Networks in Latin America" [MS: 222-233]

*       John Gerald Ruggie (1998). "What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-Utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge" International Organization, 52,4: 855-885. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8183%28199823%2952%3A4%3C855%3AWMTWHT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8

 

Oct. 9 – Feminist IR Theory

*       J. Ann Tickner, "Man, the State, & War: Gendered Perspectives on National Security" [MS: 94-101]

*       Cynthia Enloe, "The Personal is International" [MS: 202-206]

*       R. Charli Carpenter (2005). "Women, Children and Other Vulnerable Groups": Gender, Strategic Frames and the Protection of Civilians as a Transnational Issue" International Studies Quarterly, 49,2: 295-334. http://journals.ohiolink.edu/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=journals&journal=00208833&issue=v49i0002

 

Oct. 11 – Marxism and Neo-Marxism

*       Chapter 4 [VK: 341-60]

*       Tony Smith (1987). "Thinking Like a Marxist" in Thinking Like a Communist, 39-66 (Chapter 2). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co. (E-RESERVE)

*       Andre Gunder Frank, "The Development of Underdevelopment" [MS: 86-93]

*       Immanuel Wallerstein, "Patterns and Perspectives of the Capitalist World-Economy" [VK: 369-377]

*       Craig Murphy, "International Organization and Industrial Change" [VK: 383-96]

 

                                         * * * Oct. 16th  = No Class: FALL BREAK * * *

 

Oct. 18, 23 – Discussion of Article Reviews [ARTICLE REVIEW PAPERS DUE 10/18]

 

Oct. 25 – Writing Literature Reviews & Developing a Theoretical Argument

*       Knopf, Jeffrey W. (2006). "Doing a Literature Review" PS: Political Science and Politics 39, 1: 127-132. http://journals.ohiolink.edu/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=journals&journal=10490965&issue=v39i0001&article=127_dalr

*       Gartzke, Erik (2007). "The Capitalist Peace" American Journal of Political Science 51, 1: 166-191. http://journals.ohiolink.edu/ejc/issue.cgi?issn=00925853&issue=v51i0001. [read pp. 166-173].

*       Lian, Bradley and John R. Oneal (1993). "Presidents, the Use of Military Force, and Public Opinion" Journal of Conflict Resolution 37, 2: 277-300 [read pp. 277-283]. http://www.jstor.org/view/00220027/ap010145/01a00030/0

 

 

IV. Competing Perspectives on Key Issues in International Relations

 

Oct. 30 – Theories of Foreign Policy Decision Making

*       Chapter 3 [VK: 205-10]

*       Robert Jervis, "Perception and Misperception in International Politics" [VK: 257-69]

*       Ole Holsti, "Crisis Decision Making" [VK: 269-80]

*       Graham Allison, "Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis" [VK: 280-97]

*       Judith Goldstein and Robert Keohane, "Ideas and Foreign Policy" [VK: 297-306]

*       Margaret G. Hermann and Joe D. Hagan, "International Decision Making: Leadership Matters" [MS: 182-188]

 

Nov. 1 – Deciding (Not) to Intervene: The Cases of Rwanda (1994) and Iraq (2003)

*       Samantha Power, "Bystanders to Genocide: Why the United States Let the Rwandan Tragedy Happen" [MS: 233-252]

*       George W. Bush (2004). Transcript From Television Interview with Tim Russert on "Meet the Press," 8 February 2004, as printed in The New York Times, 9 February 2004. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/trans.htm

*       James Fallows (2004). "Blind into Baghdad," Atlantic Monthly. Jan./Feb. 2004. (E-RESERVE) OR http://www.epic-usa.org/Default.aspx?tabid=185

 

Nov. 6 – When Is International Intervention Appropriate and/or Legitimate?

*       Martha Finnemore, "Constructing Norms of International Intervention" [MS: 102-118]

*       Michael W. Doyle, "International Intervention" [MS: 347-357]

*       Edward N. Luttwak (1999). "Give War a Chance" Foreign Affairs, 78,4: 36-45 (July/August 1999). (E-RESERVE)

*       John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen M. Walt (2003). "An Unnecessary War." Foreign Policy. January/February 2003. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/walt.htm

 

Nov. 8 – Understanding Communal Conflict

*       Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations" [MS: 163-169]

*       Edward W. Said, "The Clash of Ignorance" [MS: 170-173]

*       Barry Posen, "The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict" [MS: 357-366]

*       Anthony Oberschall (2000). The Manipulation of Ethnicity: From Ethnic Cooperation to Violence and War in Yugoslavia. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23, 6: 982-1001.  http://www.la.wayne.edu/polisci/dubrovnik/readings/oberschall.pdf   OR   http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?pub=infobike://routledg/rers/2000/00000023/00000006/art00002&unc

 

Nov. 13 – Terrorism

*       Audrey Kurth Cronin, "Behind the Curve" [MS: 367-382]

*       Robert Pape, "The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism" [MS: 382-401]

*       Mia Bloom (2004). "Devising a Theory of Suicide Terror" in Dying to Kill: The Global Phenomenon of Suicide Terror, Chapter 4. New York: Columbia University Press.  http://www.international.ucla.edu/cms/files/bloom.0227.pdf

 


Nov. 15 – Out of Bounds?: Rogue States and Transnational Terrorist Networks

*       John R. Bolton (2002). "Beyond the Axis of Evil" Remarks to the Heritage Foundation, Washington, DC, May 6, 2002. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/bolton.htm

*       Barak Mendelsohn (2005). "Sovereignty Under Attack: The International Society Meets the Al Qaeda Network" Review of International Studies. 31,1: 45-68. http://journals.ohiolink.edu/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=journals&journal=02602105&issue=v31i0001

*       Elizabeth N. Saunders (2006). Setting Boundaries: Can International Society Exclude ÔRogue States'?" International Studies Review 8: 23-53. http://journals.ohiolink.edu/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=journals&journal=15219488&issue=v08i0001&article=23_sbcises1

 

Nov. 20 – Weapons of Mass Destruction   [LIT. REVIEW & THEORY PAPERS DUE]

*       Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth Waltz, "Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Weapons" [MS: 322-341]

*       John Mueller, "The Essential Irrelevance of Nuclear Weapons" [MS: 341-347]

 

* * * Nov. 22nd (THANKSGIVING BREAK): No Class * * *

 

Nov. 27 – International Political Economy

*       Robert Gilpin, "The Nature of Political Economy" [MS: 403-410]

*       Stephen D. Krasner, "State Power and the Structure of International Trade" [MS: 410-421]

*       Bruce R. Scott, "The Great Divide in the Global Village" [MS: 421-430]

*       David Held, et. al., "Globalization" [MS: 462-471]

*       James Fallows (1993). "How the World Works," Atlantic Monthly. Dec. 1993.  (E-RESERVE) OR http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rlh&an=9404280183

 

Nov. 29 – International Governmental Institutions

*       John Mearsheimer, "The False Promise of International Institutions" [MS: 283-294]

*       Michael Glennon, "Why the Security Council Failed" [MS: 208-218]

*       Edward C. Luck, Anne-Marie Slaughter and Ian Hurd, "Responses" [MS: 219-222]

*       Jessica Einhorn, "The World Bank's Mission Creep" [MS: 430-437]

 

Dec. 4 – Should International Relations Theory Have Practical Applications?

*       Joseph S. Nye, Jr. (1998). "Theory and Practice in International Relations," Interview with Harry Kreisler, Conversations with History, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley. April 8, 1998. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/conversations/Nye/

*       Stephen Walt (2005). "The Relationship Between Theory and Policy in International Relations" Annual Review of Political Science, 8,1: 23-48. http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.polisci.7.012003.104904

 

Dec. 6 – Review: What Have We Learned, and How Can We Apply It?

 

Dec. 11 FINAL EXAM: 7:00 p.m – 9:00 p.m.