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  • Chapter 17

    • Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

      • 1.  Electrophilic aromatic substitution*

        • a.  Halogenation

        • b.  Nitration

        • c.  Sulfonation

        • d.  Friedel-Crafts alkylation

        • e.  Friedel-Crafts acylation

        • f.  Gatterman-Koch synthesis

        • g.  Substituent effects

      • 2.  Nucleophilic aromatic substitution

      • 3.  Addition Reactions*

        • a.  Chlorination

        • b.  Catalytic hydrogenation

        • c.  Birch Reduction

      • 4.  Side-chain reactions*

        • a.  The Clemmensen reduction (converts acylbenzenes to alkylbenzenes)

        • b.  Permanganate oxidation

        • c.  Side-chain halogenation

        • d.  Nucleophilic substitution at the benzylic position

      • 5.  Oxidation of phenols to quinones